秦浙江郡考

Study on Zhejiang Prefecture of the Qin Dynasty

历来论秦郡的论著从未提及浙江郡。秦灭楚所设会稽郡,南界浙江。到秦统一全国的公元前221年,浙江水以南的广大区域,尚未纳入秦帝国的版图。《史记.高祖功臣侯者年表》所载:陈婴"定豫章、浙江,都浙,[定]自立为王壮息";陈贺"定会稽、浙江、湖阳,侯",两处"浙江"不能读作水名,应该都是行政区域。虽然《年表》所叙之事在秦亡之后,但秦楚之际连续几年的混战中,不可能对秦的行政区划有所更动。现存秦代印玺中的"都水"印,如"东晦都水"、"齐都水印"、"琅邪都水"、"长沙都水",均为郡一级行政官员印玺,"浙江都水"自也不应例外。上海博物馆藏秦玺印"浙江都水"也可证浙江为一级行政区划。秦浙江郡东濒海,与会稽郡、鄣郡(故鄣郡)、九江郡(庐江郡、豫章郡)、闽中郡相接。

There＇ s none of any mention of ＂Zhejiang Jun （郡, prefecture）＂ in whatever academic discussion on the prefectures of the Qin Dynasty so far. However, as historical records says, the ancient Kuaiji Jun that was set up right after the state of Qin destroyed the state of Chu only expanded down to the north bank of the Zhejiang River geographically, which, therefore, indicates the vast area beyond the river was not covered in the territory of the Qin Empire by 9,21 B.C.. The characters of ＂Zhe Jiang＂ which appear in two different areas of Shi Ji refer to ＇Zhejiang Prefecture’ rather than ＇Zhejiang River’. Moreover, it is analyzed irrationally that the administrative scopes of the prefectures over the country got changed when the Qin-Chu war was then going on for years although the events stated in Nian Biao took place after the Qin dynasty ended. Judging that the Qin-dynasty extant seals bearing the characters of ＂Du Shui＂ such as ＂Dong Hai Du Shui＂, ＂Qi Du Shui＂, ＂Lang Ya Du Shui＂, ＂Chang Sha Du Shui＂ all proved to be owned by the governors of the prefectures of that times, it can be inferred that the seal of ＂Zhejiang Dushi＂ in the collection of Shanghai Museum should logically evidence ＂Zhejiang Dushi＂ to be one administrative division called ＂Zhejiang Jun＂ in the Qin Dynasty. The territory of the Qin Dynasty, Zhejiang Prefecture faced the sea to the east with Kuaiji Prefecture, Zhang Prefecture （or Guzhang Prefecture）, Jiujiang Prefecture （Lujiang Prefecture, Yuzhang Prefecture） and Minzhong Prefecture surrounding around.