论纵向科研项目审批行为的法律规制

On the legal regulation of the approval actions of Longitudinal Research Projects

我国每年通过政府财政预算拨款资助的各级各类纵向科研项目不计其数,每年所花费的财政拨款数以亿元计。但对这些项目的立项、申请、评审、批准、实施、验收等方面应遵循的程序和其他要求,目前尚无统一的法律加以规范。对纵向科研项目审批权力监督与控制的法律缺位,导致项目审批过程中不透明、不公正、权力寻租现象大量存在。纵向科研项目审批行为属于非许可类的行政审批行为,我国应该尽快制定《纵向科研项目管理法》,从审批程序、专家评审机制、评审信息公开、异议复审救济、法律责任等方面加强对该类审批行为的规制,以确保审批权力的规范行使,理顺学术权力与行政权力的关系,保证国家财政资金的有效使用,促进国家创新能力的提升。

There are tens of thousands of government-funded research projects and types at all levels every year in China,for which billions of Yuan（RMB） is set aside of government funds.China has not yet had a uniform law bridling the actions of these project＇s selection,application,review,approval,implementation,acceptance,and so on.The approval powers have not been supervised and controlled effectively,which results in the project approval processes opaque and unfair,a large number of corrupting phenomena,wasting our government funds,and harming our research culture.The approval action of longitudinal research projects is a kind of administrative approving one,instead of administrative licensing action.We should establish Longitudinal Research Projects Management Law,and further bridle these approval actions through approval procedures,expert-reviewing mechanisms,review-information disclosure,dispute-review remedies,and legal liabilities.