《春秋》重义不重事:论庄存与和孔广森对《春秋》的看法

Within the Tension of "Meaning" and "Thing":A Study of the Opinions of Zhuang Chunyu and Kong Guangsen on The Spring and Autumn Annals

清代今文经学的兴起,与《春秋》"义""事"之争有莫大关系。在乾嘉实"事"求"是"的学术氛围下,庄存与提出"《春秋》非记事之史",认为《春秋》之所书,皆"约文以示义",是"不书"重于"书;"孔广森提出"《春秋》重义不重事",认为孔子之《春秋》,虽然是因鲁史而作,然每每赋予了新义。虽然庄、孔两人严格上讲,都未必可视同于嘉、道之后的今文学者,然这样一种重"义"不重"事"的问题意识,事实上已为清代今文学之滥觞。

There is a great relationship between the rise of Jin-wen-Jing-Xue and the argument of ＂meaning＂ and ＂thing＂ on The Spring and Autumn Annals in Qing Dynasty. Under the academic atmosphere of emphasizing ＂fact＂ in the school of Qian-Jia, but on the contrary, Zhuang Chunyu thought that The Spring and Autumn Annals was not a history of recorded events, but a record of meaning. Similarly, Kong Guangsen argued that Confucius＇ The Spring and Autumn Annals had a lot of new understand- ings, though it was about the history of Lu. Strictly speaking, both of them did not belong to the scholars of Jin-wen-Jing-Xue after the reign of Jiaqing and Daoguang. However, this kind of consciousness of emphasizing ＂meaning＂ not ＂thing＂ started the beginning of the Jin-wen-Jing-Xue of Qing Dynasty.