基于微观观察的银杏叶活性成分外场强化提取的机理研究

Mechanism of outfields enhancing extraction of ginkgo biloba active component based on microstructure observation

以银杏叶为研究对象,运用光学显微镜、扫描电镜从微观角度研究微波场、超声波场在银杏叶活性成分提取过程中的破壁和强化传质机理。结果表明:不同外场提取方法、不同提取时间对植物细胞组织的影响程度明显不同;微波和超声波这两种外场均能破坏细胞壁,强化传质,但二者机理不同,微波主要是由于热效应而超声波则为空化效应。与超声波相比,微波更能快速破壁,应用于中草药活性成分提取更具优势。

Cell-rupture and enhancing mass-transfer mechanism of microwave and ultrasonic which were applied in extraction of Ginkgo biloba active component by optical microscope and scanning electron microscope（SEM） were discussed in this article. The results showed that different extraction ways and time had different influence on cell organization. The two outfields could break cell and enhance mass- transfer however the mechanism were different which were heat effect of microwave and cavitation effect of ultrasonic respectively. Microwave could break cellwall more quickly than ultrasonic and had superiority in extracting biologically active ingredients from medicinal herb.