中国语言序数语法表达式的类别和共性特征

Types and Common Features of Grammatical Ordinal Expressions in Chinese Languages

所考察的114种中国语言中,序数语法表达式包括专门性标记式、语序式、重叠式、内部屈折式、复合标记式、弱标记式六类。序数语法表达式存在以下共性特征:专门性标记式具有优势表现、语序式以数词词语后置为主、殊指性成分是重要的辅助性表达手段、较大数目序数倾向于使用语法表达式。

The grammatical ordinal expressions in 114 Chinese languages can be generalized into six types, namely, specialized marker type, word order type, reduplication type, internal inflection type, double markers type and weak marker type. Common features shared include the following： dominant position of the specialized marker type, majority of postposed numerals in the word order type, specific reference elements as important auxiliary means, and tendency of using grammatical ordinal expressions to express bigger ordinal numerals.