狎邪之大雅豪士之鼓吹——再论《小山词》的思想特质和艺术成就

The Elegant in Courtesan Novel,the Puffery for Cavalier——Re-discussing on the ideological feature and artistic achievement in Xiaoshan Ci

一般对晏几道《小山词》的评价都是认为其在艺术上取得极高的成就而思想内容则较为消极颓废,评价不高。其实《小山词》书写真实的人生失意的悲哀,把词作为书写性灵的独特文体,其中所表现的对生命个体的尊重与平等意识,对生命本身的留恋与珍惜,对生命意义的叩问与追寻,超越了他所处时代的价值观,完全可以说是他的时代思想的异类,具有现代个体觉醒的思想特质,应予以重新认定。从艺术性上看,《小山词》具有感情净雅、词学观纯雅、用词典雅的"雅"的艺术特征,特别是选用更纯粹、抒情性更强的小令,去芜取精,更为本色当行,使其词沉浸在浓郁的抒情氛围中。因此,无论是思想性上还是艺术性上,《小山词》都以其独特性在词史上具有无可替代的重要地位和价值。

Xiaoyang Xiaoshan Ci is commonly commented as great artistical achievements, but with less positive contents. In fact, Xiaoshan Ci records the happiness and the sorrow in mang life, and Ci is just taken as a specific style in the expression of soul and spirit that shows the respect and the equal awareness for individuals, the cherish and missing for life itself, and the questioning and pursuit for the meaning of life. His awakening of individual spiritual characters in the modem sense should be re - confirmed, for he had surpassed the value of his times and totally acquired the alienation against his generation. Artistically speaking, the crystal in emotion, the pure and the elegant in Ci poetry, the ＂exquisite＂ in wording, especially the finest and most lyrical Xiaoling, all of them create fairy tales. Therefore, either in thoughts or in artistic quality, Xiaoshan Ci featuring its uniqueness always seizes an irreplaceable position and value in the history of Ci creation.