浅析国际贸易中货物所有权及风险转移之间的关系

Relations between Cargo Ownership and Risk Transfer in International Trade

由于各国货物所有权转移规定的不统一,在国际贸易中,若买卖双方当事人中一方破产,则由此可能给对方带来严重的影响。同时,贸易中的货物风险也经常和货物所有权密切相关。国际惯例对于货物风险转移的规定比较具体详细,特别是国际贸易中经常采用的FOB,CFR,CIF术语,对风险转移的规定是相同的,这些规定广泛地被买卖双方认可和遵守。但货物风险转移还应注意:风险转移的前提是卖方必须将合同特定化,否则风险不能转移;不论适用何种规定,若卖方已根本违反合同,风险转移的规定不影响买方因此种违约而采取各种补救措施。

Since there is no universal regulations on cargo ownership transfer among countries, in international trade, one party＇s bankruptcy may bring severe impact to the other party in a transaction. In addition, cargo risk usually relates closely with cargo ownership in a trade. For risk transfer, international practices and provisions are more specific, even identical for terms FOB, CFR and CIF, and well accepted and abided by both buying and selling parties. However, the selling party must specify the contract, otherwise, risks can not be transferred. In any case, if there is a fundamental breach of a contract by the seller, buyer＇s remedial measures caused by the breach will not be affected by risk transfer provisions.