石油污染盐碱土壤的淋洗施肥修复

Remediation of Petroleum-Contaminated Saline-Alkali Soil by a Combination of Leaching and Fertilization

采用淋洗施肥修复方法处理石油污染盐碱土壤,评价该修复方法对石油污染盐碱土壤的修复效果,并且采用最大或然数法和Biolog方法对土壤微生物数量和微生物群落水平生理特性进行研究。结果表明,经过182d的培养,淋洗施肥处理中油和脂的降解率分别比对照处理和施肥处理高(19.7±4.3)%和(13.8±3.4)%,土壤盐分去除率分别比对照处理和施肥处理高(66.5±2.9)%和(41.3±6.2)%,说明该处理是一种修复石油污染盐碱土壤的有效方式。淋洗施肥处理明显提高异养细菌、石油烃降解菌、烷烃降解菌和多环芳烃降解菌数量和土壤微生物活性,促进了微生物对土壤中油和脂的降解。此外,淋洗施肥处理提高了土壤微生物Shannon多样性指数和Simpson指数,促进了微生物种群的稳定,这暗示着土壤微生物种群正在逐渐恢复。

A method was developed to remediate petroleum-contaminated saline-alkali soil using a combination of leaching and fertilization. The degradation efficiency of oil and grease was （ 19.7±4.3）% higher in soil treated by leaching combined with fertilization than that in control soil, and was （ 13.8±3.4）% higher than that in soil treated by fertilization. In addition, the removal efficiency of salinity was （66.5±2.9）% higher in soil treated by the combination of leaching and fertihzation than that in control soil, and was （41.3±6.2）% higher than that in soil treated by fertilization. The results suggested that the treatment of leaching combined with fertilization might be an efficient method for the remediation of petroleum-contaminated saline-alkali soil. The number of heterotrophic bacteria, petroleum hydrocarbon degraders, alkane degraders and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（PAHs） degraders and soil microbial activity increased significantly in the treatment of leaching com- bined with fertilization, further suggesting the microbial degradation of oil and grease was enhanced. Shannon index and Simpson index of the microbial community also increased markedly in such treatment, implying the microbial community was in recovery.