计算机化考试的设计模型

Design Models of Computer-Based Testing

计算机化考试的发展取决于两个重要的因素:计算机技术和测试理论。计算机化考试从测试理论获得考试的内容,从计算机技术获得考试的形式,内容和形式有机地结合,形成一种新型的考试模式。本文重点讨论这种新型考试模式的四个基本构成及其设计:题型设计、试题组织、能力估算和成绩报告。计算机化考试的主要优势特征也集中体现在这四个方面:可以应用创新型试题;可以实现适应性测试;实现了多维的能力估算;可以向考生提供即时的诊断性信息。在实际应用中,计算机化考试的设计就是优化设计这四个基本构成,使计算机的优势得到最大限度的发挥,满足测试的目标要求。

Development of Computer-Based Testing（CBT） depends on two factors： computer technology and test theory. CBT is a new type of test model developed from the combined implementation of computer technology and test theory. The paper will deal with its four basic design elements： test format, presentation of test items, ability estimation and score report. These are also four advantages of CBT over the conventional paper-and-pencil tests： use of innovative test items, adaptive testing, process-oriented ability estimation, and diagnostic information about test performance. In the practical application, design of CBT is to find the best solution to such issues as item format, item presentation, ability estimation and score report, which should be in accordance with the test purpose.