论美国对家长择校的法律监督及其启示

On the Legal Supervision to School Choice in the USA and its Inspiration

家长择校问题涉及到公民受教育权的保障,需要进行严格的监督和限制。美国政府管制家长择校的法理基础是教育机会均等原则。美国政府一方面通过教育券计划、教育税抵免计划、帮助残疾学生,加强对弱势家庭学生的扶助;另一方面通过建立完善的学校信息系统、防范学校设立不公平的入学筛选标准,强化对一般家长择校的控制。

The school choice affecting the protection of the human basic right to education needs strict supervision and restriction. The legal base of the regulation in the USA is the principle of equal opportunity of education. The methods taken by the government includes voucher choice,tuition tax credit,physical disability assistance,and support for students from disadvantaged families,at the same time,the government also strengthens the control on school choice by setting up information system of schools, resistance of unfair entrance screen standard.