中国知识精英对民族复兴的理论设想——以民国时期的优生学思潮为中心

Chinese Intellectual Elite's Theoretical Exploration of National Revival——Take The Eugenics Thoughts in the Republic of China Period Ascenter

晚清以来,中国面临西方世界的强大压力。在亡国亡种的威胁之下,以严复为代表的中国知识精英通过《天演论》等著译作将人种改良的知识介绍给大众,试图以"优种"的方式实现民族复兴。随着西学东渐的展开,优生学以现代西方科学的姿态进入中国知识精英的视野,被崇尚人种改良的知识精英们视作可依附应用的科学实体,并以优生学为视角展开了关于如何复兴民族的讨论。民国时期优生学思潮的发展是19世纪以来的中国社会在外部威胁之下转型的一个侧影。

Since the late Qing,China faced strong pressure from the west.Under the threat of the death of nation,Yan Fu,as the representative of the Chineseused intellectual elite tried to introduce the knowledge of racial improvement by translating ＂TianYanLun ＂to the public.Chinese intellectual elite use this method to achieve the aim of ＂Nation Revival＂.With the start of the ＂eastward spread of Western Culture＂,Eugenics was viewed a modern Western science came into the vision of Chinese intellectual elite,thought it was a scientific entity can be attached to the application,and launched the discussion on how to revive national in the view of eugenics.The development of eugenics was a silhouette of the Chinese society＇s transformation in the external threat since 19 century.