菜籽粕替代豆粕对异育银鲫非特异性免疫机能的影响

Effects of soybean meal replacement by rapeseed meal on the non-specific immune function of gibel carp,Carassius auratus gibelio

试验鱼按投喂饲料的不同分为5组,其中对照组(RM0)以豆粕和鱼粉为基础蛋白源,试验组分别以双低菜籽粕(DLRM)和普通菜籽粕(CRM)等氮替代对照组中50%(DLRM50,CRM50)和100%(DLRM100,CRM100)的豆粕蛋白。分别在投喂菜籽粕后的当天与第14、28、42、56天取样,测定异育银鲫血液白细胞和头肾吞噬细胞的吞噬活性、血清溶菌酶活性、血清补体(C3、C4)含量等免疫指标的变化。结果表明:在投喂菜籽粕后28d内,各项免疫指标变化不明显(P>0.05);在第42天,DLRM100组、CRM100组的血液白细胞和头肾吞噬细胞的PP、PI,CRM100组的血清溶菌酶活性,DLRM100组的C4含量,CRM100组的C3、C4含量均显著低于对照组(P<0.05);在第56天,DLRM100、CRM100组的各项免疫指标都显著低于对照组;在整个试验过程中,DLRM50、CRM50组的各项免疫指标和对照组都没有显著的差别。

Five experimental diets for gibel carp,Carassius auratus gibelio,were formulated to contain various percentages of common rapeseed meal （CRM） or double low rapeseed meal （DLRM） as a partial replacement for soybean meal. RM0 （with 0% CRM and DLRM） was formulated as the control group. DLRM50 （CRM50）, DLRM100 （CRM100） were formulated to isonitrogenously replace 50% and 100% of soybean meal protein in RM0 with DLRM （CRM）, respectively. The non-specific immune parameters including phagocytic activity （PP,PI） of blood leucocytes and head kidney phagocytes, serum lysozyme activity, serum complement concentrations of C3 and C4 were evaluated at every 14-day intervals. During the initial 28-day period, only PP of blood leucocytes in CRM100 group was significantly lower than that in RM0 treatment（P〈0. 05）. From the 42th day on,both PP and PI of blood leucocytes and head kidney phagocytes in DLRM100 and CRM100 treatments were all significantly lower than those in RM0 treatment （P〈0. 05）. On the 56th day, serum lysozyme activity in CRM100 and DLRM10o groups was significantly lower than that in RM0 group（P%0.05）. From the 42th day, serum complement concentrations of C3 or C4 in DLRMlo0 and CRM100 treatments were significantly lower than those in RM0 group （P〈0.05）. The immune parameters in DLRM50 and CRM50 treatments were not significantly changed compared with those in RM0 group （P〉0. 05）. However those in CRM50 group gradually reduced with time. We concluded that the effects on non-specific immune function might cause by antinutritional factors such as glucosinolates, sinapin, phytic, tannin, crude fibre in the rapeseed meal.