中国企业国际采购发展阶段特征的案例分析

Case Study on Stage Characters of Chinese Enterprises' International Sourcing

随着中国企业国际化的发展,国际采购必将为中国企业国际竞争力的提高与可持续发展作出越来越重要的贡献。国际采购不仅是企业的运作职能,更是企业的战略职能。运作层次国际采购向战略层次国际采购的发展可以划分为不同阶段。本文采用案例研究方法对不同阶段中国企业国际采购的特征进行实证分析。研究结果表明,中国企业国际采购发展的初级阶段主要是追求海外供应的高质量和高技术,随着国际采购阶段的深入,中国企业国际采购能力建设将更为完善,将追求更为多样化的战略利益。中国企业国际采购所面临的硬性成本与外部障碍的重要性下降,软性成本和内部障碍越来越重要。对于国际采购发展程度较高的企业,内部障碍对企业国际采购能力建设提出了更高的要求。但软性成本的阶段性特征表现得不明显,文化与商业习惯差异是比较普遍的软性成本,其他软性成本类型主要与企业特征或行业类型有关。

With the internationalization of Chinese enterprises,international sourcing will definitely contribute more to the improvement of international competitiveness and the sustainable development of Chinese enterprises.International sourcing is not only the operational function but also the strategic function in the enterprises.The development from the operational function to the strategic function can be divided into different stages.The authors adopt the methodology of case study to confirm the stage characters and draw a developing route for Chinese enterprises＇ international sourcing.The research shows that the primary stage of Chinese enterprises＇ international sourcing is to go after the high level quality and technology of overseas supply;with the development of international sourcing,Chinese enterprises＇ capacity for international sourcing will be further improved and they will go after the diversified strategic benefit.The importance of rigid cost and external barrier of Chinese enterprises＇ international sourcing is decreasing,while the soft cost and internal barrier of that is increasing.For those enterprises with high level of international sourcing,the internal barrier is imposing higher requirement on Chinese enterprises＇ capacity construction for international sourcing.But the stage characters of soft cost is not very obvious;the difference of culture and business is the normal soft cost,and the other kind of soft cost is related to the character of enterprise or the type of industry.