市场竞争程度与中国工业生产率分布变化

Market Competition and the Changes of the Distribution of Industrial Productivity

在经济转轨过程中,国有企业的拆分、外资企业及民营企业的进入,都使得中国工业行业的竞争程度日益加深。基于工业企业层面数据,我们发现,即便是在四位数产业里,不同企业之间的全要素生产率也表现出很大的差异,因而企业异质性是决定企业生产率的重要因素。不同类型企业的全要素生产率都经历了明显的稳定的增长,这意味着,来源于产业和跨产业的共同冲击,比如市场竞争机制的引入与增强,很可能在中国工业部门全要素生产率的增长中起到了重要作用。最后,我们将总量生产率分解为企业层面的生产率和跨企业的资源配置效率,证实了市场竞争加强促进了资源在企业间的配置效率。

During the process of economic transition, both the divestiture of stated-owned enterprises and the entry of for- eign and private firms increased the competition of manufacturing industries. Based on the finn-level data, there is large pro- ductivity difference even within narrative industry, and the heterogeneity of firms has important impact at finn productivity. Fi- nally, we decompose the aggregate productivity into finn-level productivity and efficiency of resource allocation, and affirm that increasing competition promoted the allocation efficiency.