滚动汽车轮胎自激振动仿真及其影响因素分析

Simulation of self-excited vibration of a rolling tire and its influencing factors analysis

以高速行驶汽车产生的轮胎周向多边形磨损现象为背景,通过建立轮胎的有限元模型以及轮胎-路面的LuGre摩擦模型实现了汽车轮胎高速滚动过程有限元模型的建立,应用该模型进行了轮胎侧向自激振动的仿真分析及影响因素研究。仿真结果表明滚动汽车轮胎在一定条件下确实出现了侧向自激振动现象,它也是造成轮胎多边形磨损的原因之一。参数灵敏度分析表明:轮胎侧向自激振动随车速的增加先增加后减小,车速过低或过高时均不能形成自激振动;前束角与外倾角对自激振动的影响与车速相似,两者都存在一个峰值点;另外,大载荷条件下,胎面自激振动会比较剧烈,轮胎的多边形磨损也比较严重。因此,为避免产生轮胎自激振动,减少轮胎多边形磨损,要将设计参数以及使用工况控制在合适的范围内。

Based on phenomena of regular circumferential polygonal tire wear appearing on frequently travelling automobiles at high speed on high-grade road surface,the finite element model of a high-speed rolling tire employing LuGre friction model and a 3D-tire one was established.With this model,the lateral self-excited vibration of the tire tread and its influence factors were simulated and analyzed.The results provided a theoretic foundation for reducing tire＇s self-excited vibration and polygonal wear.Simulation results showed that the lateral self-excited vibration of the rolling tire does appear under certain conditions,it is also one of the reasons for polygonal tire wear.Sensitivity analysis showed that with increase in the speed,the intensity of the lateral self-excited vibration of the tire firstly increases and then decreases,and the self-excited vibration does not occur when the speed is too low or too high;the car toe angle and the camber have the similar impact on the self-excited vibration as that of the speed,both of them caused a peak value of the self-vibration;in addition,the greater the load,the more severe the self-excited vibration of the tire tread,the more severe the tire wear.Consequently,to avoid the lateral self-excited vibration of a wire and reduce its polygonal wear,it was important to design suitable control parameters and choose correct operating conditions.