极地冰下生物地球化学过程研究进展

Advance in Polar Subglacial Biogeochemistry Process

已有的研究结果表明:极地冰下存在生命活动的证据。生物地球化学过程以其独特的视角,从生物学和地球化学学科交叉的角度,对于诠释冰下环境微生物生存及其对全球气候的影响提供了一条新途径。目前对于冰下生命的研究多集中在温型冰川和多温型冰川,关于冷型冰川冰下环境的生物起源、生存条件、能源转化方式和生物体的空间分布特征及种属关系等研究均还处在起步阶段。在简要阐述冰下化学风化机理发展历程的基础上,对近年应用生物地球化学过程研究极地冰下环境的研究成果进行总结和分析。此外,针对该领域目前研究上的空白和热点,分别对利用生物地球化学过程研究冰下环境微生物生存和繁衍,冰下温室气体释放,重大古气候事件探索及星际生命探索等科学命题进行展望。

The present research shows that life exists in subglacial environment.Biogeochemistry process,by means of its unique view,which combines the biology with the geochemistry,provides a new way to explain the existence of microbe in subglacial environment and their impact on the global climate change.At present,the study of the subglacial life mostly focuses on the temperature glaciers and polythermal glaciers,whereas on cold-based glaciers,the studies of the origination of life,the living conditions,the energy transform,the distribution characteristics,as well as the characterization of microbial community,are all at the preparatory stage.Based on the elucidation of the development of chemical weathering mechanism,this paper reviewc the latest progress of research in the application of biogeochemistry to explore the subglacial environment.Additionally,Future studies regarding the microbial survival in subglacial environment,the release of greenhouse,paleoclimate mutation exploration,and life exploration in other planet are discussed and recommended.