论明代诗学中辨体与集大成的矛盾——以七子派对待杜甫诗的态度为例

The Contradiction between Distinguishing the Style and Synthesizing Merits——Taking the Seven Men School's Attitude to Du Fu's Poems as Example

由于诗歌创作发展的自身逻辑以及政治与经济上的原因,明人的诗歌创造能力下降了。以优秀作品为师法对象,集众典范作品之优创造出集大成的作品,是明人尤其是七子派的明确主张。但同时,作为批评家的七子派成员的"辨体意识"日益增强,创作上的集大成要求与批评家的辨体意识相遭遇时,矛盾就产生了。在对待杜诗的问题上,这一矛盾集中表现了出来。

Because of the development logic of the poetry writing as well as the political and economic reasons, Ming＇ s poetry creativity has declined. Learning from the outstanding works and absorbing their merits, the Ming especially the Seven Men School put forward the definite ideas. But at the same time the ＂sense of distinguishing the style＂ of the members is growing. When the two re quirements in writing and criticizing meet, the conflict generates. This contradiction shows out prominently when they evaluate Du Fu＇ a poems.