奥斯曼、伊斯兰还是土耳其?——浅析土耳其独立运动的革命话语问题

Ottoman,Islamic,or Turkey?——Brief Analysis of Revolutionary Discourse Problems in Turkish Independence Movement

土耳其革命史把1919～1923年间在安纳托利亚发生的革命斗争定性为一场为了建立土耳其共和国而进行的民族独立运动。这种革命意识形态主导下的史观忽略了当时历史情形的复杂性,带有很强的革命目的论色彩。在安纳托利亚的革命阵营中,存在着对奥斯曼王朝、伊斯兰教或土耳其民族等不同身份的忠诚,以及对所有这些忠诚的混合;更多人是忠于苏丹-哈里发的,并非一开始就有建立独立的土耳其国家的明确目标。以凯末尔为首的共和主义者为了其革命目的和统一战线的需要,不得不暂时与强大的保守势力妥协。

Turkish revolutionary history defines the revolutionary struggle of 1919-1923 in Anatolia as a national independence movement for the Turkish republic.This view of history dominated by revolutionary ideology ignores the complexity of situation at that time,and it tints with colour of revolutionary teleology.There were loyalties to Ottoman dynasty,Islam,Turkey or mix of these in Anatolia revolution camp.There was not a clear goal of establishing a Turkish state at the beginning,with more loyalties shown to Sudan-the caliphs.For the purpose of revolution and requirement of a united front,the Republicans led by Kemal had to temporarily compromise with the powerful conservatives.