不同喂养婴儿方式对产妇产后体重变化的影响

Effects of Different Feeding Patterns on Body Weight of Perinatal Women

目的了解妇女生育后喂养方式对体重变化的影响。方法对孕期和产后4～6个月的孕产妇进行纵向追踪调查,记录体重变化情况。根据产妇在4个月内喂养婴儿的方式分为基本纯母乳喂养组、混合喂养组和人工喂养组,比较各组体重变化情况。结果产后4个月内基本纯母乳喂养率为63.8%。人工喂养组孕期增重和产后42d、产后4～6个月时体重减少值均显著高于基本纯母乳喂养组(P均<0.01);产后4～6个月时,基本纯母乳喂养组妇女的体重和体重滞留量均显著低于人工喂养组(P均<0.05)。结论妇女产后体重滞留与采用不同的喂养婴儿方式有关,进行母乳喂养婴儿的产妇产后体重恢复较慢,但是其孕期增重、产后体重和体重滞留量都较人工喂养者轻。因此,在加强产后纯母乳喂养宣传的同时,也要加强孕前保健知识的宣传。

ObjectiveTo study the relationships between feeding patterns and the body weight in perinatal women. Methods Weights of perinatal women at pre-pregnant, before delivery and postpartum times were analyzed by cohort study. According to the mode of maternal infant feeding within 4 months perinatal women were divided into exclusive breast feeding, partial breast feeding and bottle feeding groups. Variance analysis and X2test were used for statistic comparison. Results The rate of exclusive breast feeding was 63.8% within four months. The gestational weight gain, the weight loss at 42 days and 4 -6 months postpartum in the bottle feeding group were significantly higher than those of the exclusive breast feeding group （LSD-t=8. 24,P =0.003;LSD-t =8. 54,P =0.002;LSD - t =9. 27,P =0.002）; The weight and the net weight retention at 4 - 6 months postpartum in the exclusive breastfeeding group were significantly lower than those of the bottle feeding group （ F = 5.06 ,P = 0. 005 ;F = 2.75 ,P = 0. 042 ）. Conclusion The body weight retention post partum is related to infant feeding patterns. Post partum,the weight loss of women using the exclusive breastfeeding is relatively low. However, the gestational weight gain, weight post partum and the net weight retention in the exclusive breastfeeding group were lower than those in the bottle feeding group. It is necessary to enhance health education and guidance on promoting exclusive breast feeding as well as the increasing awareness on prepregnant health.