两江新区土地利用的生态服务价值研究

Research of the Ecosystem Services Value(ESV) of Land Use in Liangjiang New Area of Chongqing

基于GIS和RS软件解译分析1995年、2000年和2007年三期TM土地利用数据,探寻两江新区土地利用及生态服务价值的时空特征.研究表明:①研究区主要以林地、耕地为主,但总体结构趋于多样化、均匀化,各地类的数量发生了变化,生态背景质量下降,土地利用程度处于发展期.②研究区生态服务价值呈下降趋势,且2000年后的下降趋势减缓;在研究时段内单位生态容量与单位GDP的比值均低于1,生态负荷超限,横向对比低于同期的全球、中国以及重庆等地,但高于同期的快速经济发达区.③生态资产空间分布变化由小区域的零星变化转向成区片的变化,且总体生态资产减少.总之,以新近成立的两江新区的生态服务价值展开研究,对两江新区的发展方向及可持续发展利益具有较强的现实意义,为区域的经济、社会、生态的可持续发展提供理论指导.

This paper studies Land Use/Cover Changes and ESV（ecosystem service value） in Liangjiang New Area of Chongqing,based on an interpretation of the TM remote sensing images in 1995,2000 and 2007,using the GIS and RS software.The main results are as follows.First,Liangjiang New Area mainly comprises forest land and farmland,but the overall structure tends to be diversified and homogenized.The number of classes has changed and the quality of ecological background of land is declining.Its land use is at a developing period.Second,its ESV shows an overall declining trend,but the downward trend has slowed down since 2000.The ratio of per-unit ecological capacity to per-unit GDP is lower than 1.Its ecological stress in this period is higher than the global average and than that of the average of China and Chongqing,but higher than that the fast developing areas.Finally,the spatial distribution of its ecological assets is changing from small fragments to vast zones,and the overall ecological assets have been reduced.In short,the study of the ESV of the newly formed Liangjiang New Area is of practical significance for the development of the new direction and its sustainable economic,social and ecological development.