年龄相关性黄斑变性的预防

Prevention of age-related macular degene-ration

年龄相关性黄斑变性在发达国家已是致盲原因之一,尽管目前有抗VEGF药物、激光、光动力学等湿性黄斑变性的治疗方法,但治疗效果有限。因此,目前最经济实惠的是黄斑变性的预防。我们对目前有据可依的一些黄斑变性的预防方法进行综述,包括4个方面:(1)合理膳食:维生素C、叶黄素、玉米黄素和脂肪酸等;(2)生活方式的管理,例如:戒烟和体重管理;(3)减少光照暴露,如太阳眼镜及滤波人工晶状体;(4)早期筛查。

Age-related macular degeneration（AMD） is one of the leading causes of blindness in the developed world.Although effective treatment modalities such as anti-VEGF,laser therapy,and photodynamic therapy have been developed for neovascular AMD,there is still no effective treatment for geographical atrophy,and therefore the most cost-effective management of AMD is to start with prevention.This review looks at current evidence on preventive measures targeted at AMD.Modalities reviewed include（1） nutritional supplements such as the Age-Related Eye Disease Study（AREDS） formula,lutein and zeaxanthin,omega-3 fatty acid,and berry extracts;（2） lifestyle modifications,including smoking and body-mass-index;（3） filtering sunlight,i.e.sunglasses and blue-blocking intraocular lenses,and（4） screening test.