固溶时效对新型Cu-Al-Fe-x合金摩擦磨损性能的影响

Effects of Solution and Aging Treatment on Sliding Wear Behavior of Cu-Al-Fe-x Aluminum Bronzes Alloy

在金属型模具中分别铸造Cu-Al-Fe-Be合金和Cu-Al-Fe-Ni合金,并在多种固溶时效制度下对两种合金进行强化处理。对铸态及各热处理态合金的组织结构及综合力学性能进行对比研究。采用DQ-630(QJ-57)电桥设备和MMW-1型销-盘式摩擦磨损试验机分别对合金电导率变化规律及其摩擦磨损行为进行研究。结果表明,从"高强中导"的角度出发,Cu-Al-Fe-Be铝青铜理想的热处理工艺为950℃×2h淬火,然后经350℃×2 h后水冷时效;Cu-Al-Fe-Ni合金理想的热处理强化工艺为950℃×2 h淬火,然后经450℃×2 h后水冷时效。合金摩擦磨损实验结果表明,铸态合金的磨损主要以磨粒磨损为主;随着热处理的进行和载荷及滑动速度的增加,合金磨损以粘着磨损和氧化磨损为主。此外,Cu-Al-Fe-Be铝青铜在低速低载下的摩擦磨损行为与高速高载下的摩擦磨损行为变化不大,且波动性较小,而Cu-Al-Fe-Ni铝青铜则不然,说明含Be铝青铜的摩擦磨损性能较Ni铝青铜优越。

The Cu-Al-Fe-Be and Cu-Al-Fe-Ni alloy were produced by casting and then were strengthend by solution and aging treatment.The microstructure,mechanical properties such as hardness,tensile strength of alloy were studied experimentally.The friction and wear behavior and the electrical conductivity of the materials were investigated using a pin-on-disk machine and DQ-630（QJ-57） equipment,respectively.The results show that the mechanical properties of the Cu-Al-Fe-Be alloy can be improved remarkably by solution treatment at 950 ℃ for 2 h followed by aging at 350 ℃ for 2 h.While the most suitable heat treatment for the Cu-Al-Fe-Ni alloy is solution treatment at 950 ℃ for 2 h followed by aging at 450 ℃ for 2 h.According to the results of the investigation on wear behaviors,the casting alloy is mainly dominated in abrasive wear,as the heat treatment carried out and the increase in load and sliding velocity,the alloy＇s wear dominated in adhesive wear and oxidation wear.The experimental result also suggested that the Cu-Al-Fe-Be alloy possessed higher hardness and tensile strength,lower friction coefficient and wear rate compared to the Cu-Al-Fe-Ni alloy.