毕节地区烤烟轮作玉米半免耕栽培技术机理分析

Mechanism Analysis of Half-tillage Cultivation Technology of Maize(Zea mays L.) Planting after Flue-cured Tobacco in Bijie Area,Guizhou

[目的]探讨贵州毕节地区农业生产过程中烤烟轮作玉米(Zea mays L.)半免耕栽培机理。[方法]调查半免耕栽培下玉米的出苗情况、出苗整齐度、苗长势、生产成本、产量和效益,并将其与传统栽培和育苗移栽种植方式进行比较。[结果]半免耕种植技术机理:改善土壤结构;提高作物抗旱能力;节约用肥;出苗早,且苗齐、苗匀、苗壮;减少病虫害;提高抗倒伏能力。在旱灾年份,能实现玉米稳产和稳收。[结论]烤烟轮作玉米半免耕栽培种植技术简单,操作方便,生产者容易掌握,具有很强的适应性,在贵州毕节烟区在烟水配套工程未全部实施前可适当推广和普及。

[Objective] The aim was to discuss the mechanism of half-tillage cultivation technology of maize planting after flue-cured tobacco during agricultural production in Bijie Area,Guizhou.[Method] The seedling emergence situation,the uniformity of seedling,growth vigor of seedling,production cost,yield and benefit of maize planting by half-tillage cultivation were investigated,and compared them with the other two planting ways of tradition cultivation and raising seedling and transplanting.[Result] The technological mechanism of half-tillage cultivation was as follows： Improving soil structure;Increasing drought resistance capability of crops;Saving amount of applying fertilizer;Sprouting earlier,and seedling order,full and strong;Decreasing plant diseases and insect pests;Increasing lodging resistance capability.It made maize stable yield and harvest in drought years.[Conclusion] Half-tillage cultivation technology of maize planting after flue-cured tobacco has characteristics of simple,convenient operation,easily mastering for producer,and strong adaptability,can suitably spread and popularize in Bijie Area of Guizhou before irrigation supporting projects of tobacco field carries out completely.