我国四合院的发展历程及成因探析

The Research on Development and Causes of Chinese Quadrangle Courtyards

概述了四合院的发展历程,解析了从方形建筑形式的出现到"中轴对称,前堂后室,左右两厢"格局的形成,从四合院建筑的形成、发展,到四合院建筑的鼎盛、破坏,直到其在新时期的继承的全过程,认为四合院是体现了中国传统人文思想和审美思想的民居形式,具有深厚的文化内涵和地方特色。在此基础上,分析了四合院建筑形成与发展的原因,认为四合院的初期发展原因主要根源于人体结构说,四合院后期的完善与成熟则主要用伦理序位说进行解释。

After the illustration of the development of quadrangle courtyards,the paper has analyzed the emergence of square architectural form to the formation of the axial symmetrical pattern with the hall in the front and room at the back and with wing rooms on the left and right side.It has analyzed the formation,development,climax,damage and inheritance of quadrangle courtyard,and considered that it could manifest Chinese traditional humanistic idea and aesthetic idea,and is in possession of profound cultural connotation and regional feature.On this basis,causes for quadrangle courtyards have been studied.The primary cause at the initial stage lies in human body structure and the perfection of quadrangle courtyards at the later stage depends on ethic order.