慢性移植物抗宿主病相关性多发性肌炎一例临床和骨骼肌病理特点

Clinical and muscular pathological features with chronic graft-versus-host disease-related polymyositis： one case report

目的 报道1例慢性移植物抗宿主病相关性多发性肌炎患者的临床和骨骼肌病理改变特点.方法 我院于2010年12月29日收治1例慢性移植物抗宿主病相关性多发性肌炎患者,该患者为女性,40岁,因急性粒单核细胞白血病于20个月前行异基因造血干细胞移植术.术后给予环孢素A抗排异治疗13个月,6个月前缓慢出现进行性四肢近端无力,伴有肌痛.血肌酸激酶升高（426～1948 U/L）.血清抗EJ抗体强阳性.肌电图提示神经源性损害,周围神经传导速度下降.对该患者进行左肱二头肌活体组织检查,标本除进行组织学、酶组织化学染色外,还采用抗CD8、CD20、CD68和主要组织相容性复合物-Ⅰ （MHC-Ⅰ）鼠抗人单克隆抗体作为第一抗体进行免疫组织化学染色.结果 骨骼肌的主要病理改变是肌纤维直径变异加大,伴随肌纤维坏死、再生以及成小组分布的角状萎缩肌纤维.血管周围和肌内衣可见呈灶性分布的CD8＋T淋巴细胞和CD6＋8单核细胞浸润.MHC-Ⅰ染色显示大部分肌纤维膜异常着色.结论 慢性移植物抗宿主病相关性多发性肌炎具有慢性炎性肌肉病特点,可以伴随神经源性骨骼肌损害.

Objective To report the clinical and pathological features of chronic graft-versus-host disease-related polymyositis by summarizing the clinical data of the patient with chronic graft-versus-host disease-related polymyositis. Methods One patient with chronic graft-versus-host disease-related polymyositis was hospitalized in our hospital on December 29,2010.The patient,40 years old,female,underwent allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation because of acute granulocytic-monocytic leukemia.Fourteen months later she manifested as slowly progressive muscle weakness and myalgia in all limbs.Serum creatine kinase level was between 426-1948 U/L. Myositis antibody EJ was strongly positive.Electromyogram showed a neurogenic impairment and slow peripheral nerve conduction speed.Muscle biopsies were carried out in the left biceps brechii.In addition of standard histological and enzyme histochemical staining for the muscle sections,immunohistochemical workup was performed with mouse antiCDs,anti-CD20,anti-CD68 and anti major histocompatibility complex- Ⅰ （ MHC- Ⅰ ） monoclonal antibodies as first antibodies.Results The muscle biopsy showed large variation of fiber size,with muscle fiber necrosis,regeneration.Some angular fibers distributed in small cluster.The inflammatory cells infiltrated around the small vessel or in the endomysium,mainly CD8＋ T-lymphocytes and CD6＋8 macrophages.The most muscle fibers were MHC-Ⅰ positive. Conclusion The graft-versus-host disease-related polymyositis manifests as chronic myositis process with neurogenic lesions.