市场一体化、企业异质性与地区补贴——一个解释中国地区差距的新视角

Market Integration,Firm Heterogeneity and Regional Investment Subsidy——A New Perspective Explaining the Regional Inequality in China

本文基于融入异质性企业理论的经济地理分析框架,通过引入地区补贴行为对基础模型进行扩展,揭示中国市场一体化进程与区域协调政策影响地区生产率差异和地区经济差距的另一重要机制,即:市场融合过程中,异质性企业的定位选择行为会加剧地区之间的不平衡,并对地区生产率差异产生重要影响,这是不同于规模报酬递增与循环累积效应的另一种机制,能够在一定程度上解释中国旨在缩小地区差距的区域政策效果不理想的原因。进一步研究表明,欠发达地区的补贴政策总是倾向于吸引低效率企业的进入,虽然能缩小地区之间的经济差距,但是会扩大地区之间的生产率差异,不利于欠发达地区的可持续发展。本文的研究,在一定程度上解释了中国市场一体化的背景下,随着近年来区域政策力度明显加强,地区差距缩小和地区生产率差距扩大的原因。本文的研究还表明,合意的区域政策是加快市场一体化进程,同时对于欠发达地区提供适度支持政策。

The standard economic geography model is extended to allow for cost heterogeneity across firms in response to market integration, enabling us to study the effects of regional coordination policies that vary according to firm heterogeneity, which permits another kind of explanation mechanism to the regional inequality in China. Based on the model of Okubo et al.（2010）, the paper introduces investment subsidies across regions, and shows that lower productivity firms are likely to relocate to the targeted regions provided investment subsidy. As a consequence the gap of regional development decreases but the gap of regional productivity increases, which is not beneficial to promote the sustainable development of underdeveloped areas. And in the long run, to promote the process of market integration continuously is the optimal regional policy as well as providing appropriate policies for less developed areas.