只是一种姿态:对海华沙悼亡行为的解读

On Mourning Is Only Posture: An Explanation of Hiawatha's Mourning to His Friend in The Song of Hiawatha

美国19世纪著名诗人朗费罗的《海华沙之歌》被誉为美国的第一部史诗。该诗全面反映了美国印第安人的文化。其中,海华沙悼念其挚友齐比亚波的仪式化的行为充分反映了印第安人的原始思维特征。在原始思维看来,死者的灵魂具有"真实"的力量,它能够伤害活着的亲友。正是为了避免死者灵魂对自己的伤害,海华沙才会实施仪式化的悼亡行为。从精神分析学的角度来看,海华沙对亡友灵魂的恐惧,恰恰是他对死者在世时怀有敌意的潜意识的投射。

H.W. Longfellow is the most famous poet of the 19th centrury America. The Song of Hiawatha is regarded as the first epic of America, in which the primitive concept of soul is manifested in Hiawatha＇s mourning to his friend. In primitive thought, the soul has ＂really＂ power, the dead＇s ghost could injure its own relatives and friends, therefore the relatives and friends must camouflage themselves to avoid the injury of that ghost. And from the perspective of psychoanalysis, the fear of the living relatives and friends to the dead＇ soul is exactly the ＂projection＂ of the hostility of the living relatives and friends to the dead before his death.