论冷静期制度在消费者权益保护领域的构建

A Study on the Construction of Cooling-off Period in the Field of Consumer Protection

在消费者权益保护领域设立冷静期制度是对消费者知情权的充分保障,也是对消费者权利提供"诉前救济"的有效途径,更是社会实质公平的重要体现。构建冷静期制度,在立法模式的选择上应当考虑适时充实现行立法;在适用范围上,应当将重点放在经营者与消费者缺乏充分沟通且消费者容易受到不当劝诱的领域;在撤回权行使上,应当考虑以书面方式作为主要的撤回方式;在冷静期期间的设置上,应确定科学、合理的标准;在法律效果上,应当使合同恢复到订立之初的状态。同时,应对滥用冷静期制度的情形做出禁止性规定,消费者恶意行使撤回权时不应适用冷静期制度。

Cooling-off period in the field of consumer protection is a safeguard of consumer＇s right to know, an effective way of pre-litigation relief of consumer＇s interests and an important mani- festation of substantial fairness of society. To construct cooling-off period system, the legislative model of enriching the existing law shall be considered; the applicable scope shall be focusing on the field where operators and consumers lack adequate communication and where consumers are vulnerable to improper inducement; in exercising the right to withdraw, the written form shall be considered as the main withdrawal methods; in regard to setting the time limit of cooling-off period, scientific and reasonable standard shall be strictly followed; in legal effects, the contract shall be resumed to the time when the contract is being concluded. Last but not the least, prohibitions shall be made to deal with the abuse of cooling-off period when consumers maliciously exercise the right to withdraw.