江苏省某水厂含碳、含氮和碘系消毒副产物现况调查

Investigation on the levels of carbon-, nitrogen-, iodine-containing disinfection by.products in a water plant in Jiangsu province, China

目的了解江苏省某水厂不同工艺过程及管网水样中消毒副产物（DBPs）的生成水平。方法于2011年7月份采集该水厂各加氯环节、出厂和管网水样12份，经液液萃取后，以气相色谱电子捕获器检测水中三卤甲烷、卤乙酸、碘乙酸、碘仿、卤乙腈、卤代酮、硝基甲烷类消毒副产物，经固相萃取后，以气相色谱质谱仪检测亚硝胺类消毒副产物，各消毒副产物浓度以双份平行水样检测结果的平均值表示。结果原水中含有一定量的二溴一氯甲烷（0．61ug/L）、氯仿（1．64ug/L）和N-亚硝基二甲胺（3．06ng／L），其他消毒副产物均来自饮水加工过程。预加氯后可形成卤乙酸、卤代酮、卤乙腈和亚硝胺类等消毒副产物，前三者浓度分别为5．01、0．66、0．57ug/L，后者浓度为98．09ng／L。后加氯和补加氯后三卤甲烷和卤乙酸等迅速增加至70．31和43．71ug/L，而亚硝胺类未增加。消毒副产物均以出厂水浓度最高，其中，三卤甲烷（70．31ug／L）和卤乙酸类（43．71ug/L）分别以一溴二氯甲烷（34．12ug/L）和三氯乙酸（13．45ug/L）浓度最高；卤乙腈类、卤代酮类、三氯硝基甲烷出厂水样浓度分别为14．96、2．32、0．96ng／L，N-亚硝基二甲胺、N-亚硝基二丙胺2种亚硝胺类副产物出厂水样浓度分别为21．22、69．43ng／L；碘乙酸、碘仿及亚硝基甲乙胺、亚硝基二乙胺、亚硝基吡咯烷、亚硝基吗啉、亚硝基哌啶、亚硝基二丁胺等副产物均未检出。结论该水厂多项DBPs浓度较高，应采取措施对其进行控制。

Objective This work aimed to investigate the carbon-, nitrogen-, iodine-containing disinfection by-products （DBPs） formation and pollution situation in different treatment processes and pipe water of a water plant in Jiangsu province China. Methods 12 water samples were collected from raw water, different time points after the addition of chlorine, finished water and pipe water in July, 2011. Trihalomethanes （ THM4 ）, haloaeetie acids （ HAA6 ）, haloacetonitriles （ HANs ）, chloropicrins （ CPs）, haloketones （HKs）, iodoform （IF） and iodoaeetic acid （IAA） were detected by gas chromatography with electron capture detector （GC-ECD） after liquid-liquid extraction. Nitrosamines （NAres） were detected by gas chromatography with mass spectrometer （GC-MS）after solid-phase extraction. The concentration of DBPs was represented as the mean of duplicate samples. Results Most DBPs were found in water treatment processes except dibromoehloromethane （ 0. 61 ug/L ）, chloroform （ 1.64 ug/L ） and N-nitrosodimethylamine（ 3.06 ng/L） , which were detected in raw water. Pre-chlorination formed HAA6 （5.01 ug/L）, HKs（0. 66 ug/L）, HANs（0. 57 ug/L） and NAms（98.09 ng/L）. Chlorination and post-chlorination led to a dramatic increase in the levels of THM4, HAA6 （70. 31 and 43.71 ug/L, respectively） , while Nares didn＇t increase. In finished water, bormodiehloromethane（34. 12 ug/L） had the highest concentration among THM4 （70. 31 ug/L）, and so was trichloroacetie acid（ 13.45 ug/L）among HAA6 （43.71 ug/L）. Levels of HANs, HKs, and CPs were 14. 96, 2. 32,0. 96 ug/L,respectively. Levels of N-nitrosodimethylamine and N-nitrosodipropylamine were 21.22, 69.43 ng/L,respectively. IAA, IF and other six NAms including N-nitrosomethylethylamine, N-nitrosodiethylamine, N-nitrosopyrolidine, N-nitrosomorpholine, N-nitrosopiperidines and N-nitrosodibutylamine were not detected in all water samples. Conclusion Levels of DBPs in this water plant are relative high. and measures should be taken to control DBPs.