企业家精神、国际契机与民族国家建构——辛亥革命前后中国机械制造业的发展(1900—1920)

Development of Chinese Machinery Manufacture During the First Two Decades of the 20^(th) Century

辛亥革命前后十年间,中国机械制造业的发展并未受政治波动的太大影响,依然按照内部动力继续演化。该时期中国的机械制造业繁荣一时,但若干领军企业陷于失败。在辛亥前后,中国机械制造业的发展主要是企业家精神推动的结果,而这种企业家精神既包括创新精神,又包含民族主义。第一次世界大战对中国机械制造业产生了双重影响,以负面影响为主。北洋政权对于机械制造业的发展基本上未起促进作用,辛亥时期中国的国家建构与工业发展之间的关联还处于较低层次。但辛亥革命释放的民族主义力量加速了中国机械制造业的演化。

In the two decades around the 1911 Revolution,the machinery manufacturing in China,exempted from the political upheaval,underwent considerable development and prosperity.The reason for this lies in the nationalist spirit and the entrepreneurist initiative resulting from it.World War I exerted a negative impact on China＇s machinery manufacturing and the Chinese government then did nothing to counteract this impact.The revolution,together with the nationalistic spirit it inspired,however,did accelerate the growth of China＇s machinery manufacturing industry.