松嫩高平原黑土区土地利用/覆被变化及其景观生态风险分析

Land Use/Cover Change and Its Landscape Ecological Risk Analysis in the Black Soil Region of Songnen High Plain——A Case Study of Bayan County

土地利用/覆被变化及其景观生态风险分析是实现区域土地生态安全和可持续发展的基础。以松嫩高平原黑土区黑龙江省巴彦县为研究区,利用GIS的空间分析功能,对巴彦县1991年、2006年和2009年三期遥感影像的解译数据进行图层代数运算,定量分析了18a来巴彦县土地利用变化情况、各地类之间的转换情况,并运用生态风险指数法测算分析了三个时期景观生态风险的变化情况,最后对生态风险指数进行克吕格插值,得出巴彦县景观生态风险的空间分布情况。结果表明:18a间,巴彦县土地利用变化及各地类之间的转化比较复杂,且主要是耕地、林地、其它用地之间的转化;土地利用结构的变化导致景观生态风险指数发生显著的时空差异,各级生态风险区域所占面积变化程度不同;插值结果表明巴彦县生态风险逐年加大,且生态风险分布主要受地形和地类的影响。巴彦县景观生态风险有扩大的趋势,应加强中级以上生态风险区域的生态保护和建设,以实现生态环境和社会经济的协调发展。

Land use/cover change and its landscape ecological risk analysis are the basis for realizing regional land ecological and sustainable development.In this paper,Bayan County in Heilongjiang Province was taken as the study area,the spatial analysis function of GIS was used to make the layer algebra operation of the interpretation data of the remote sensing image in 1991,2006 and 2009,quantitatively analyze the land use change situation,the transition situation of every land use type in the 18 years,and the ecological risk index method was used to calculate and analyze the change situation of the landscape ecological risk in the three periods,and finally,the Kriging interpolation of the ecological risk index was performed to get the spatial distribution situation of its landscape ecological risk in Bayan County.The results showed that in the 18 years the land use change and the transition of every land use type were comparatively complex,and the main transition occurred among the cultivated land,forest land and other kind land;the change of land use structure led to the remarkable temporal-spacial differences of the landscape ecological risk index,and the change extent of the area proportion of every level ecological risk region;the interpolation result shows that the ecological risk increases year by year,and the ecological risk distribution was mainly affected by the terrain and land use type.The landscape ecological risk of Bayan County has the enlarging trend,ecological protection and construction of the area which is higher than the medium level should be strengthened so as to realize the coordination development of the ecological environment and society economy.