中国女性竞技体育人才的时空分布特征及其形成原因——以历届亚运会女性冠军为例

Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics of Female Sport Talents in China and Their Causes of Formation:A Case Study on the Female Champions in Previous Asian Games

在收集整理历届亚运会女性冠军数据的基础上,结合相关统计方法总结出中国女性竞技体育人才的时空分布特征,并运用地理学的相关观点解释这种时空分布的原因。结果表明:女性竞技体育人才主要分布在东部沿海各省,西部地区为女性竞技体育人才的缺失区;女性竞技体育人才数量与时间呈正相关关系;不同省份之间女性竞技体育人才内部结构差异显著。形成这种时空分布特征的原因主要包括:1)自然地理环境中地形平坦、气候温和、水文条件好的地区有利于女性运动人才的成长。2)人文地理环境中社会经济因素为女性参与竞技体育运动提供了良好的物质基础;政策支持因素促使某些地区成为女性竞技体育人才的集中地;同时,区域文化差异因素也对女性空间分布格局起着重要作用。3)女性个人成长因素是竞技体育人才数量增加的内在动因。

In this paper,the data of the female champions in previous Asian Games are summarized and the spatial and temporal characteristics of female competitive sport talents in China and their causes of formation are analyzed by using both of the statistical and geographic methods.It is shown that：1）The spatial distribution of the female competitive sport talents is uneven,the female sport talents are mostly distributed in the eastern coastal provinces,while those in the western regions are lack;2）There is a positive correlation between the number of female competitive sports talents and time.That means there is a positive circulation between the foster and development of female competitive sport talents;3）The personnel structure of female competitive sport talents differs significantly in different provinces.In other words,the female athletics who come from different provinces are good at different sorts of sports.The formation causes of those characteristics are：1）The areas with good physical environment such as flat terrain,mild climate and good hydrological conditions,are good for the growth of female sports talents;2）The fine human environment,for example,the progressed socio-economic conditions,can provide good material basis for females to take active part in competitive sports.Furthermore,the policies in those areas support sport development.Finally,the cultural factors of different places also influence the spatial distribution;3）Female＇s personal characteristics are the internal motivation of the increasing number of female competitive sport talents..