人和畜禽的空肠弯杆菌分离培养及带菌状况调查

Carriage States, Isolation and Cultivation of Campylobacter jejuni from Human, Domestic Animals and Poultry

对１９５ 例不同年龄腹泻病人的粪样及６５６ 只健康和腹泻畜禽的直肠和泄殖腔拭子进行空肠弯杆菌培养，总检出率为２６ ．１ ％ （２２２／８５１） 。人和畜禽的带菌率分别为：健康蛋用鸡为６１ ．０ ％ （６１／１００） ，腹泻后备蛋用鸡为５３ ．３ ％ （４０／７５） ，健康后备蛋用鸡为２２ ．０ ％ （１１／５０） ，腹泻仔猪为８８ ．０ ％ （８８／１００） ，健康羔羊为５ ．７ ％ （６／１０６） ，牦牛犊为１２ ．４ ％ （１５／１２１） 和０（０／１０４） 腹泻病人为０ ．５ ％ （１／１９５） 。蛋用鸡各组间的带菌率差异极显著（ Ｐ＜ ０ ．０１） ，腹泻后备蛋用鸡的带菌率明显高于健康后备蛋用鸡（ Ｐ＜ ０ ．０１） ，显示后备蛋用鸡腹泻与该菌感染相关。腹泻仔猪的带菌率很高，也提示该菌感染与仔猪腹泻存在一定关系。噻孢霉素对空肠弯杆菌检出率的影响和抗生素药敏性试验结果表明，噻孢霉素不能替代头孢霉素Ⅰ，而头孢哌酮钠（ 头孢必） 可取代Ｃａｍ ｐＢＡＰ 琼脂中的头孢霉素Ⅰ。在１００ ｍ Ｌ／Ｌ ＣＯ２ 气体环境中微需氧培养比烛缸内培养空肠弯杆菌检出率高１３ ．０ ％ ，显示分离该菌以１００ ｍ Ｌ／Ｌ ＣＯ２ 法明显优于烛缸法（ Ｐ＜ ０ ．０１） 。

Fecal samples from 195 diarrheic patients in different age, rectal and cloacal swabs from 656 normal and diarrheic animals and poultry were cultured for Campylobacter jejuni. Total rate of detection was 26.1% (222/851). Carriage rates detected in human, domestic animals and poultry were as follows: healthy laying hens 61.0% (61/100), diarrheic replacement laying hens 53.3%(40/75), healthy replacement laying hens 22.0%(11/50),diarrheic piglets 88.0%(88/100),healthy lambs 5.7%(6/106), yak calves 12.4% (15/121) and diarrheic patients 0.5% (1/195). The difference of carriage rates between each group of hens was extremely significant (P<0.01) . The carriage rate of diarrheic replacement laying hens was significantly higher than of healthy replacement laying hens (P<0.01). It showed that replacement laying hens diarrhea was associated with the bacterium infection. The higher carriage rate of diarrheic piglets also indicated that there was certain relationship between the bacterium infection and piglets diarrhea. The results of the influence of cefotaxime on detection rate of C.jejuni and antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed that cefotaxime couldn't replace cephalothin in Camp BAP agar but cefobid could replace cephalothin. The detection rate with microaerophlilic incubation in 10% CO 2 atmosphere environment was high 13.0% than with incubation in candle jar showed that 10% CO 2 method was significantly superior to candle jar method for isolating C.jejuni P<0.01).