孔子“晚而喜易”与其晚年思想的变化

"The Cherish of Book of Changes" and the Changes of Thoughts in Confucius' Later Years

孔子与《易经》的关系是一个古老的话题，从司马迁提出孔子“晚而喜易”后，孔子作《易传》之说流行了近千年，“先儒更无异论”（孔颖达《周易正义序》）．。然而，欧阳修《易童子问》的出现，表明传统的说法开始受到质疑；在近代疑古思潮中，孔子与《周易》的关系更是受到了严格的审视和检讨，在许多学者那里，《易传》的撰作年代甚至被推迟到汉代以后，一些学者进而得出了孔子与《易传》无关的结论（详见后文）。但是，上世纪下半叶以来，一系列重要简帛文献的相继问世，特别是帛书易和郭店楚简的出土，提供了孔子与周易关系的一些重要资料，值得我们对此问题再做探讨。

For the question of whether the relationships between Confucius and the 'Book of Changes' exist,many modern scholars have given negative answers.But the newly unearthed documents,the silk Book of Changes and the Guo Dian Chu slips etc.,proved the doctrine of'the cherish of Book of Changes in the late years of Confucius',and so prompted us to reexamine the relationships of the ethics and the Xiang Shu in Confucius' thoughts,which indicate that Confucius is knowing the ethics by comprehending Xiang Shu,so Xiang Shu has a important status in Confucius' theory of Changes.In addition,'the cherish of Book of Changes in his later years'led to some important changes in his later thoughts and resulted in the shift of these thoughts from the early realization of the 'Mandate of heaven conception' to the 'conception of Heaven',and the internal impetus of this shift is summing up the ideas of the six scriptures,integrating organically the conceptions of the Heaven and the Nature from Book of Changes,the early morality and the conceptions of destiny from the thought of Confucius.This integration brings about the unique conceptions of ethical combination of the heaven and human beings in the construal for Book of Changes,which are impacting the Confucianism over two thousand years since then.