侵权责任法实施前后医疗纠纷处理情况的变化

Changes of medical disputes handling before and after implementing of the tort liability law

《中华人民共和国侵权责任法》自2010年7月1日实施后,在医疗纠纷处理方面发生了很多变化。医疗损害纠纷的类型仍与侵权责任法实施前大概相同,但医疗损害责任首次被明确为特殊侵权责任,其责任构成和责任方式以过错责任原则为主,由此带来了举证责任的重大改变,但在某些特殊情况下仍要求医疗机构承担推定过错责任,一些事由的举证责任仍要求由医疗机构承担。基于举证责任,在医疗过错鉴定的类型、鉴定机构、鉴定事由、鉴定的提起和鉴定费用的预交方面也有了较大的变化。笔者作为三级甲等医院医患办公室的工作人员,通过工作中的切身体会,分析侵权责任法实施前后医疗纠纷处理情况的主要变化,提出医院管理人员和医务人员应当知晓这些变化,并指导依法执业工作。

Tort liability law of the People＇s Republic of China has effected since July 1, 2010, medical disputes handling is occurring many changes. The types of medical disputes are not changed, but medical liability is classified into special tort liability for the first time, which means the responsibility and liability of medical dispute has mainly belonged to fault liability principle, Thus brings great changes for evidential burden. But in some special situations still requires health institutes presuming fault liability, some of the evidential burden is still required by the medical institutes. Based on the evidential burden, the type, institutes, rationale, suing and fee of medical fault identification have also changed. As a staff of patient hospital relationship office in a tertiary hospital, through the work of the intimate understanding, the main changes of medical dispute handling before and after implementation of the tort liability law is analyzed and suggestions on how to aware this change and how to deal with it is also discussed.