交际语言任务中的“形式关注”

"Focus on Form"Occurred in Performing Communicative Language Tasks

本文旨在考察学习者在交际语言任务中因互动而引发的"形式关注"的情形。通过分析36名中国英语学习者在三种不同交际任务中的互动语料,本文发现:(1)在交际语言任务中,"形式关注"发生的频率较高,主要表现为自我引发的自我修正;(2)学习者对表达和形态-句法问题比较关注,对词汇失误关注度不高;(3)总体上"形式关注"发生的频率不受学习者语言水平的影响。研究表明:"形式关注"主要由学习者显性的语言知识所触发。不管学习者的水平如何,他们都可以在显性语言知识的帮助下对自己的语言输出进行监控。

This article reports the results of an investigation of learners＇ ＂focus on form＂ initiated by the interactions while performing communicative language tasks. Through a thorough analysis of the transcription of the interactions among 36 Chinese English learners in three different communicative language tasks,the study reveals that： （ 1 ） learner-generated ＂focus on form＂ was pervasive in performing communicative language tasks and it consisted of, to a large degree, self-initiated self-corrections ; （ 2 ） While learners paid more attention to the problems of expression （felicity） and morpho-syntax, they tended to negect lexical errors;（3 ） the frequency of ＂focus on form＂ was, in general, not influenced by learners＇ proficiency level. The article concludes that learners＇ ＂focus on form＂ is mainly activated by their explicit knowledge of language. All learners, regardless of their proficiency level, are able to monitor their output with the help of their explicit knowledge.