韩国语汉字音声母与中古汉语声母的对应关系

Onset Consonants in Chinese Characters in Korean and Those in Middle Chinese:A Correspondence Analysis

本文通过对《东国正韵》23声母与传统的中古汉语36声母的比较,研究韩国语汉字音声母和中古汉语声母,旨在找出二者的对应关系。研究发现,尽管韩国语和汉语属于不同的语系,但韩国语的汉字音声母与中古汉语声母在牙、舌、唇、齿、喉、半舌、半齿音及其他等八个发音位置方面都存在着较规律性的对应。这种对应关系不仅可为中古汉语音韵研究提供旁证,也可为根据汉语发音推导韩国语汉字音提供有价值的参考。

With a comparison between the 23 onset consonants in Official Rhymes of Eastern Nation and the 36 onset consonants in Middle Chinese, this paper aims to study the onset consonants in Korean language and those in Middle Chinese in order to find the correspondence between them. The results reveal that although Korean and Chinese belong to different language families, the onset consonants of loan Chinese morphemes in Korean show regular correspondence with those in Middle Chinese. Such regular correspondence exists in 8 types of onset conso nants： velar, dental, bilabial, palatal, glottal, alveolar, pharyngeal and etc. This correspondence provides empirical evidence to the phonological studies of Middle Chinese. It is also valuable for learners to predict the modem Korean pronunciation of a character according to its Chinese pronunciation.