跨越“中等收入陷阱”:东亚的经验及启示

Across the Middle Income Trap:The East Asian experience and Enlightment

中等收入阶段是一个独特的发展阶段,所有在跨越低收入陷阱管用的政策和发展战略,到了中等收入阶段基本上都不再管用,如果重复使用就会陷入"中等收入陷阱"。日本和亚洲四小龙,在20世纪70年代和80年代也不同程度地依赖以出口为导向的低成本优势战略,但是在进入中等收入序列后这些国家和地区放弃了这一战略,依靠科技进步与人力资源开发,转变经济增长方式,实现产业结构的转型和城乡与地区的均衡发展,促进中等收入阶层的形成以及经济增长动力结构的转变,实现了社会结构和政治民主化转型,保证了经济社会的持续发展,成功地避开了"中等收入陷阱"。

Middle income stage is a unique stage of development,all the policies and development strategies,which are useful in acrossing low income trap,are basically no longer useful to middle income stage.if re-use of them will fall into the middle income trap.Japan and the Four Asian Tigers are also different levels of reliance on export-oriented strategy of low-cost advantage from the 1970s to 1980s.But after these countries entering the group of middle-income stage,they abandon this strategy,rely on technological progress and human resource development,transform the mode of economic growth,achieve industrial restructuring and the balanced development of urban area,rural area and different regional area,promote the formation of middle income bracket,change the structure of motive power of economic growth,achieve the transformation of social structure and political democratization,thus ensureing the economic and social sustainable development,and finally successfully avoiding the middle income trap.