利维斯的文化理想研究

A Study of F.R Leavis's Cultural Criticism

弗·雷·利维斯是20世纪英国最具影响和争议的文学批评家,同时也是英国文化研究的先驱之一。利维斯的文学批评以文化批评为基石,并以文化健康为旨归。他的文化批评包括三大核心内容,即"有机社会"思想、"少数人文化"理论以及"技术功利主义"批判与"文学文化"高扬,而"有机社会"、"少数人文化"与"文学文化"同时也是利维斯最为核心的文化理想。他的思想对我们反思并反制当下的大工业文明困境、文化与文学危机、以及功利主义、消费主义与技术主义等倾向有着重要的参照意义;同时对我们构建一种关注人生-人性-道德、高扬人文主义、具有时代情怀和责任的批评也有着诸多启示。

F.R.Leavis was the most influential and controversial critic and one of the forerunners of cultural criticism in the 20th century Britain.His cultural criticism is the point of departure for his literary criticism,which in turn aims for cultural and social health.Leavis＇s cultural criticism comprises mainly of the conception of the ＂organic community＂,the theorization of ＂minority culture＂ and the promotion of ＂literary culture＂ and the criticism of the ＂Technologico-Benthamite＂ culture,the first three of which form the core of his cultural ideals.A better understanding of Leavis＇s cultural criticism may illuminate our reflections on the cultural and literary plights,utilitarianism,consumerism,and scientificism in the present society,and with possible counteracting measures to revert from the current situation,a more socially-responsible and humanism-promoting criticism may be constructed to value life,human-nature and morality with the Age ethos.