全球气候变化对地表水环境质量影响研究进展

Advances in impacts of climate change on surface water quality

全球气候变化对水文循环有着重要的影响,由气候变化所引起水资源量的时空分布和水质变化等问题已成为各国科学家和政府关注的热点。目前,气候变化对水资源的影响研究多集中于水量,而有关水质方面的影响研究相对较少。全球气候变化主要包括降水,气温,辐射和风速等气象因子的变化。本文综述了温度的升高、降水的增多或减少、风速和风型的变化、光照时间长短以及辐射增强等变化对地表水环境质量影响的研究进展;阐述了气候变化背景下,气象因子如何通过影响水体中污染物的来源、迁移转化方式、生化反应速率和生态效应等过程而直接或间接对地表水环境质量产生影响。并在对现有研究成果进行总结分析的基础上,从微观、中观和宏观的角度提出了气候变化对水环境质量影响的研究展望。

Global climate change is having an impact on the water cycle.The spatial and temporal variation in water quantity and quality due to climate change has aroused great concerns among scientists and politicians all over the world.At present,most research activities concentrate on the assessment of climate change impacts on surface water quantity,and only few reports focuse on the water quality concern.Global climate change mainly includes changes in precipitation,temperature,radiation and wind speed.This paper reviews the research advances in the assessment of surface water quality due to the effects of rising temperatures and changing precipitation patterns,as well as the variation in wind-speed patterns,the radiation enhancement,and the changes in sunshine time.The paper demonstrates how changes in these climate parameters over time and space affect the surface water quality and environment.This is done through analyzing the direct and indirect influences of parameter variations on the water pollutant sources,migrations and transformations,as well as the rate of biochemical reactions and the ecological effect of pollution.And finally,research perspectives on the subject are provided from micro-,meso-and macro-point of view,respectively.