2004-2010年聊城市麻疹流行特征与防控策略探讨

Epidemiologic features of measles in Liaocheng city from 2004 to 2010 and discussion the prevention and control strategy

目的了解聊城市麻疹流行特征,探讨麻疹消除阶段防控策略。方法采用描述流行病学方法对聊城市2004-2010年麻疹发病资料进行分析。结果聊城市2004-2010年累计确诊麻疹病例1 991例,年平均发病率为4.97/10万,相对高发年为2008年和2010年;发病呈局部高发和高度散发状态;冬末至夏季为流行季节,其中4月和5月各出现两次发病高峰;年龄主要集中在0～2岁年龄组(占47.71%)和≥15岁年龄组(占25.51%);职业以散居儿童(占58.36%)和农民(占15.02%)为主;1岁以下散居儿童发病呈上升趋势(P<0.05),6～14岁学生发病呈下降趋势(P<0.05)。2009-2010年麻疹实验室确诊病例中,无免疫史和免疫史不详者是麻疹病例高发人群。结论全面实施以提高MV常规免疫接种率、加强病例监测工作、预防医院内感染和适时开展重点人群MV强化免疫等综合性防控策略是最终消除麻疹的关键。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Liaocheng city, and explore the prevention and control measures in the measles elimination stage. Method Descriptive epidemiologie methods were used for analyzing the measles in Liaocheng from 2004 to 2010. Results A total of 1 991 final diagnosis measles cases were reported in Liaocheng from 2004 to 2010 with annual average morbidity of 4.97/100 000. The incidence peak time appeared in 2008 and 2010. The incidence rates were relatively high in some places and the cases scatter in different areas. The prevalent time was from the late winter to summer and there were 2 peaks in April and May, respectively. The cases concentrated upon less than 2 years age group （47.71%） and more than 15 years age group （25.51%）. Most patients were scattered children （58.36%） and peasants （ 15.02% ）, the incidence rate of less than 1 year old showed an ascending trend and a descending trend in students between 6 and 14 years old. Among laboratory diagnosed cases, the ones with no immune history and unclear immune history were susceptible population. Conclusions Improving the immunization rate of MV, strengthening the work of monitoring, preventing hospital infection and enhancing immunization in susceptible population are key measures of eliminate measles.