宝鸡市2010年犬伤暴露人员监测分析

Monitoring and analysis on the patients exposed to rabies in Baoji city in 2010

目的分析宝鸡市犬伤暴露人群流行病学特征。方法采用分层抽样方法对宝鸡市755例犬伤暴露人员个案信息表进行分析。结果犬伤暴露人员主要分布在农村地区(72.98%,551/755),城市占27.02%(204/755);男女比例约为1.69∶1;15岁以下(38.81%,293/755)、40～岁(16.95%,128/755)犬伤暴露人员较多,犬伤暴露人员以农民(39.60%,299/755)和学生(31.66%,239/755)为主。暴露程度Ⅰ度为22.65%(171/755),Ⅱ度为45.69%(345/755),Ⅲ度为31.66%(239/755);犬伤暴露人员暴露前多数无狂犬疫苗免疫史(97.75%,738/755)。伤人犬只主要来源于邻居喂养犬只(50.99%,385/755),其次是自家喂养犬只(34.97%,264/755);犬只伤人原因主要是主动袭击(63.71%,481/755)。结论宝鸡市需加强养犬管理,加强狂犬病疫情监测工作,开展群众狂犬病防治知识健康教育。

Objective To analyze epidemiological characteristics of patients exposed to rabies in Baoji City. Method According stratified sampling method to analyze the individual ease of 755 patients exposed to rabies. Results Patients exposed to rabies were mainly distribution in rural areas, which accounted for 72. 98% （ 551/755 ）, urban areas was 27.02% （204/755） . The ratio male to female was 1.69： 1, 38. 81% was under 15 years old （ 293/755 ） and over 40 years was 16. 95% （ 128/755 ） . Major patients exposed to rabies were farmers （39. 60%, 299/755 ） and students followed （ 31.66%, 239/755 ） . According to exposed degree, Ⅰ degree was 22. 65% （ 171/755）, Ⅱ degree was 45.69% （345/ 755 ）, Ⅲdegree was 31.66% （239/755） . Before exposed to rabies, most of the patients were without immunity history （97.75% , 738/755 ） . The dogs which injury the people were mainly feeding by neighbors （50. 99%, 385/755 ）, followed by patient itself （34.97%, 264/755） . The main reason of dogs injury people was active attack （63.71%, 481/ 755） . Conclusions We need to strengthen management to dogs, enhance the rabies epidemic monitoring at the same time, and develop health prevention and treatment education to population.