维持性血液透析患者不同血管通路临床常见并发症分析

Analysis of clinical common complications in maintenance hemodialysis patients with different blood vessel access types

目的分析维持性血液透析患者不同类型血管通路常见并发症的发生情况,为临床护理干预提供依据。方法选择血液净化中心401例维持性血液透析患者,随访12个月,观察自体动静脉内瘘、聚四氟乙烯人造血管、长期静脉置管、临时静脉置管、直接动静脉穿刺5种不同类型血管通路常见并发症的发生情况。结果 401例维持性血液透析患者中以聚四氟乙烯人造血管栓塞并发症的发生率最高(42.86%),临时静脉置管感染并发症的发生率最高(19.77%),自体动静脉内瘘常见并发症的发生率低。结论在维持性血液透析患者中,自体动静脉内瘘透析患者常见并发症发生率低,是建立长期血管通路的首选。但在自体动静脉内瘘无法建立时,其他4种仍为维持性血液透析患者选择的重要血管通路。

Objective To analyze the status of clinical common complications occurrence among maintenance hemodialysis patients with difference blood vessel access types,so as to provide evidence for clinical nursing intervention. Methods Totals of 401 maintenance henmdialysis patients were involved,and their clinical information included blood vessel access types were collected and were flowed - up 12 months. Five difference types of blood vessel such as self arteriovenous fistula, PTFE artificial blood vessels,long - term venipuncture, temporary venipuneture, direct arteriovenous puncture were observed and analyzed, and common complications occurrence were compared. Results Among 401 patients, the highest ratio of embolization complication was 4-2.86% in PTFE artificial blood vessel,the highest ratio of infection complication in temporary venipuneture was 19.77% ,while the lowest common complication incidence was arteriovenous fistula. Conclusion Arteriovenous fistula should be the first selection for maintenance hemodialysis patients,because it has a lowest common complication incidence. When arteriovenous fistula cannot be built,other four types are still important for those patients.