人类活动对塔里木盆地历史时期以来环境变迁的影响

Human Activities' Influence on the Evolution of Tarim Basin's Environment Since Historical Period

塔里木盆地具有现代干旱特征的环境始于第三纪以来，形成于第四纪初在历史时期内塔里木盆地的环境演变总趋势：湖泊变干，河流断流，植被衰退，沙漠扩张，自然环境严重恶化，向着越来越不利于人类生存和生产活动方向发展本地区地理环境变化是什么原因引起的?根据有关文字记载，塔里木盆地一直是干燥的荒漠气候干燥的气候条件，丰富的沙源，以及气候的动力作用，是导致塔里木盆地现代沙漠化必然发展的自然因素但是，人类不当的经济活动更居主导地位因此，我们认为，引起本地区环境变化的主要原因是人类活动改变地表水的地域分配及人类活动对天然植被的破坏下面根据我们在1998年5月在塔里木盆地东部地区实地考察和掌握的资料以及前人研究的资料。

The environment of Tarim Basin characterized by modern arid area had begun in the Tertiary Period and had formed in the beginning of the Quaternary Period. During historical period, the whole trend of Tarim Basin's environment evolution is:the lakes have dried up, the rivers severed the plants declined the deserts enlarged, and the natural environment is deteriorating seriously, its development has furtherly gone against human being's life and work. What are the causes? According to relative literal record, Tarim Basin had had dry desert climate at all times. The drought, rich sand and the climate's dynamic force are the natural factors that cause Tarim Basin's desertification inevitably. However human being's unfavorable economic activities are in the leading position. Therefore, we think, the main reasons which cause the environmental changes in this region are human activities which are disarrangement of surtace water's distribution and distruction of natrual vegetation. Later, according to the information we collected during exploring in the eastern region of Tarim Basin in the May of 1998 and the research results that the precursors worked out, we will discuss human activities influence on the evolution of Tarim Basin's environment since historical period.