英美博弈与英国回归金本位

Anglo-American Game and British Return to Gold Standard

第一次世界大战后,美国掌握了世界经济霸权。为此,美国需要构建符合自身利益的国际经济秩序,尤其是国际金融体系。当欧洲各国在一战期间退出金本位之后,美国在战后的主要任务是迫使它们特别是英国回归金本位。在美国既打又拉的策略下,英国为了重新争夺世界金融霸权而回归金本位。但英国最后的失败表明英国掌握世界金融霸权的时代已经过去,而美国的时代即将到来。

America held the world economic hegemony after World War I. To this end, America needed to build international economic order, especially international financial system in terms of its own interests. When European countries quited gold standard during World War I, the main task of America was to force them particularly Britain to return to gold standard after the war. Under the American strategy of fight and pull, Britain returned to gold standard in order to regain the world financial hegemony. However, the final failure of Britain indicated that British control of the world financial hegemony had passed and the era of America was coming.