杭州市高龄老人居家照护者生存现状调查

Investigation of survival situation of senile people＇ s home caregivers in Hangzhou city

目的了解高龄老人居家照护者这一特殊群体的生存状况、照护技能、社会支持、需求情况。方法应用自设问卷、社会支持量表、访谈等方法，采用整群抽样方法，对杭州市老城区8个社区高龄老人的居家照护者共202人进行面对面的访谈、入户问卷调查，分析社区高龄老人居家照护者生存和照护现状。结果子女和配偶是主要照护者，各占52．5％和12．5％，65．8％的人为24h照护；10．4％的照护者认为照护工作对其睡眠影响严重；25．2％的照护者认为不能很好应对老人异常情绪；在社会支持情况总分上比较，男性为（29．02±5．51）分，女性为（27．50±5．37）分，两组比较差异有统计学意义（t=1．906，P〈0．05）。结论社区护士、健康管理者应关注、评估照护者的需求和愿望，为照护者提供可行的、合适的社会支持服务。

Objective To study the survival situations,care skill,social support and demand condition of senile people with home care. Methods Many methods were used such as self-designed questionnaire, social support scale,interview and so on. Cluster sampling was Used and totals of 202 hone caregivers of senile people from eight communities, old town of Hangzhou city were selected and were investigated with questionnaire in their homes and interviewed by face to face, then, the status of survival and care of home care-givers was analysed. Results Children （52.5 % ） and spouses （ 12.5 % ） were main caregivers ,65. 8% caregivers provided 24 hours care, 10.4% caregivers believed that the seriously effect of care work was sleeping,25.2% earegivers believed that they could not treated with senile person＇ s unusual mental well. The male score of social support was （29.02 ± 5.51 ） and female was （27.50 ± 5.37 ）, and the difference was statistically significant （ t = 1. 906, P 〈 0. 05）. Conclusions Community nurse and health manager should pay attention and assessment on the caregivers＇ needs and wishes, and provide feasible and appropriate social support service for caregivers.