稻秸/淀粉胶复合材料性能研究

Properties of Rice Straw/Starch Adhesive Composite

为充分利用农作物废弃物,研究环境友好材料,通过热压成型方法制备稻秸/淀粉胶全降解复合材料。研究了预处理、胶黏剂、增塑剂和阻湿剂含量对复合材料内结合强度(IB)、弯曲强度(FS)、弯曲弹性模量(MOE)、冲击韧性(IR)、拉伸强度(TS)、拉伸模量(MOR)、含水率及2h吸水厚度膨胀率的影响,并观察了复合材料细观表面。结果表明:水热处理复合材料力学性能除IB外均较高;含胶量为10%时力学性能除MOR外均较高;1%增塑剂提高了IB、FS及TS,2%增塑剂提高了IS,增塑剂对MOE和MOR有负面影响;阻湿剂降低了复合材料力学性能。增塑剂、阻湿剂均能不同程度的增大复合材料MC。复合材料2h吸水厚度膨胀率大,防水性能差。复合材料基体和增强体两相界面结合存在明显缝隙、空洞及分层现象。

For fully utilizing agricultural residues to research and develop environmentally friendly material, the rice straw/starch adhesive composite was manufactured using molding method. The influence ofraw material pretreatment, the content of starch adhesive, plasticizer and moisture retardant on physi- cal-mechanical properties of the composites was studied. The microstructure of surface of the compositewas further observed. Kesults showed that the composite made of hot-water treated raw matenal had higher mechanical properties except IB. The composite with adhesive content of 10% had higher me-chanical properties except MOR; the composite with 1% plasticizer had higher IB, flexural strength and tensile strength while the composite with 2% plasticizer had higher impact resistance, but plasticizer hadnegative effect on MOE and MOR; the moisture retardant reduced composite mechanical properties; the plasticizer and the moisture retardant increased MC of composite to varying degree; the 2hs thicknessswelling of the composite was great ,and its water resistance was poor. The interface between matrix and reinforcer of the composite had different levels of stratifications and gaps.