南朝宋齐皇帝惩治武将的“预制重罪”政策

On"The Policy of Prefabricated Felony" by which Song and Qi's Emperors Punished These Attaches in the Southern Dynasties

南朝宋齐皇帝为巩固皇权,预设一些重要异姓武将存在谋反等重罪,而迅速捕杀之。屠杀之后,方开出谋反证据,以证明其惩治的合理性。是为南朝宋齐皇帝的"预制重罪"政策。"预制重罪"政策的首创者为南朝刘宋文帝,其重要表现是诛杀名将檀道济父子及道济手下勇将薜彤、高进之等人。刘宋以后继立的皇帝继承了这项政策。南齐建立后,齐武帝延续了刘宋皇帝惩治武将的"预制重罪"政策,其重要表现是处死名将垣崇祖、张敬儿,南齐此后的皇帝继续执行这种政策。南朝宋齐皇帝以"预制重罪"的政策屠杀拥有实力的武将,从而扭转了东晋以来君弱臣强的态势,但"预制重罪"一方面削弱了刘宋、南齐对抗北魏的实力,另一方面又造成了严重的政治危机,破坏了统治集团的凝聚力,加速了本朝的灭亡。梁武帝开国之后,放弃了这一错误政策,从而在与北魏作战中获得两次前所未有的大胜。

In the Southern Dynasties,to consolidate Imperial power,Song and Qi＇s emperors arrested and killed some attaches by ＂the policy of prefabricated felony＂——to preinstall that these important military officers conspired against the empire,and arreste them and kill them rapidly.After killings,these emperors gave some testimony of their rebellion to prove the rationality of killing them.Emperor Song Wen is the inaugurator of＂ the policy of prefabricated felony＂,one of His important acts is to kill Tan Dao-ji and his sons and some brave generals such as Xue Tong、Gao Jin-zhi.Emperor Song Ming and others carried on the policy.It was continued to carry out by Emperor Qi Wu in the Southern Qi Dynasty,one of his important acts is to kill two famous generals Yuan Chong-zu and Zhang Jing-er.The other emperors of the Southern Qi Dynasty did the same things as Emperor Qi Wu.The policy changed the situation which emperors＇ power were weak and some powerful ministers ＇ power were strong in the Eastern Jin Dynasty,however,on the hand,prouduced some serious political crisises,destroied the cohesive force of the rule group and quicken the overthrow of their dynasties,on the other hand,weakened the Southern Dynasties strength against the Northern Wei Dynasty.Emperor Liang Wu gave up the error policy and won two unprecedented victories to fight agaist the Northern Wei＇s army.