国家赔偿中精神损害抚慰金的适用问题——以《国家赔偿法》第35条后半段为分析对象

Application of Consolation Compensation Concerning Mental Damage in State Compensation——Taking Bottom Half of Article 35 of State Compensation Law as Analysis Object

精神损害抚慰金的适用原则应当是赔偿法定、适当限制、平等对待以及区分类型,认定"造成严重后果"应根据生命权、健康权、身体权、人身自由权、名誉权等权利具体分析认定。在操作程序上,确定抚慰金数额可分为五个步骤。在适用对象方面,认定精神痛苦应以理性第三人标准与具体当事人标准有机统一,我国目前还不宜将精神损害赔偿的请求权人扩展到特定第三人,无感受能力之人的赔偿数额应低于正常受害人。

The application principles of the consolation compensation concerning the mental damage should include the statuary set down, appropriate limit and equal treatment as well as type distinction whist the determination of the ＇serious consequences＇ should specifically base on the rights of life, health, body, liberty, reputation, etc. In respect of the operation procedure, amount determination could be divided into five steps; in respect of the applicable object, mental suffering identification should take into consideration organically both the criteria of a rational third party and the concrete party. In current China, the person with the right of claim of compensation concerning the mental damage should not be extended to a specific third person and the amount of compensation for the normal victim should be higher than it for the person without the ability to feel.