《海华沙之歌》与通过仪式

The Song of Hiawathaand Rites of Passage

英雄被巨鱼吞噬后脱险的主题具有普世性,它保留着成年礼的痕迹。英雄离去-历险-回归的主题群与分离-阈限-聚合的通过仪式的过程相对应。成年礼是最重要的通过仪式之一。而在《海华沙之歌》的"海华沙捕鱼"这一叙事片段中,不仅出现了离去-历险-回归的主题群,而且重点叙述了海华沙被大鲟吞噬后脱险的经历。从这两个方面可以肯定,这一叙事片段保留了成年礼的痕迹。海华沙捕鱼的故事由朗费罗创造性地重构印第安神话传说中麦尼博兹霍捕鱼的故事而来,该故事所携带的仪式因子依然留存在重构后的故事中,这说明神话传说与宗教仪式之间的联系是根深蒂固的。

The motif that expresses one person being swallowed by the huge fish is the most popular motif in the world literature, which reflects the puberty rite. The motif combination of leaving, ad- venture and return of the hero corresponds with the passage rites process of departure, marginaliztion and union. The puberty rite is one of the mot important rites of passage. In ＂Hiawatha＇s fishing＂, the eighth chapter of The Song of Hiawatha, the motif combination of leaving, adventure and return appeared and the adventure that Hiawatha was swallowed by the huge fish and finally survived was described in detail. So it can be concluded that there are remains of the puberty rite in this narration chapter. The story of ＂Hiawatha＇s fishing＂ which was creatively reconstructed from the Indian myths by Longfellow, reappeared the ritual elements in its original story. It proves that the myths are closely connected with the religious rites.